The extent is arguable, but few would deny that judges assume the bench based on how others perceive they will run the court: conservatively or liberally. Ostensible checks and balances exist, of course.
All judges are expected to follow ethical standards requiring disinterested and unbiased opinions, which most do.
Most states have a Code of Judicial Conduct and/or ethics for this purpose, generally fashioned from that of the American Bar Association (ABA). These codes proscribe many instances of campaign conduct for prospective and current judges.
Judges cannot personally solicit or accept campaign funds and often are prohibited from identifying themselves with any political party.
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